FIG. 5.
PGC-1α, NRF-1, and cytochrome c oxidoreductase mRNA expression levels, mtDNA contents, and the enzyme activity of citrate synthase in the kidney. The mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α (A), NRF-1 (B), cytochrome c oxidoreductase (C), and mtDNA contents (D) were quantified by real-time PCR and expressed as fold increases from db/m mice. Data are means ± SD (n = 9–11, mRNA expression, n = 6–8; mtDNA content, #P < 0.05 vs. other groups, ##P < 0.01 vs. other groups). E: The citrate synthase activity was measured in the kidney of all groups. Data are means ± SD (n = 8, #P < 0.05 vs. other groups).