Table 2.
Unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted associations between exposure status, study characteristics, and PMDD status
| Study characteristic | Premenstrual symptomsa
|
PMDDa
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORb | 95% CI | AORc | 95% CI | ORb | 95% CI | AORc | 95% CI | |
| Exposure status | ||||||||
| No history of trauma | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| History of trauma without PTSD | 1.54** | 1.17–2.02 | 1.43** | 1.09–1.87 | 3.53*** | 1.70–7.35 | 2.84* | 1.26–6.42 |
| History of trauma with PTSD | 2.69*** | 1.99–3.66 | 1.97*** | 1.49–2.60 | 15.61*** | 7.13–34.17 | 8.14*** | 3.56–18.58 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Asian | 0.48*** | 0.36–0.65 | 0.55** | 0.39–0.80 | 0.56* | 0.33–0.96 | 1.19 | 0.59–2.38 |
| Hispanic | 0.38*** | 0.28–0.51 | 0.51*** | 0.37–0.71 | 0.40** | 0.23–0.69 | 0.73 | 0.39–1.38 |
| Black | 0.56*** | 0.42–0.73 | 0.66** | 0.48–0.89 | 0.48** | 0.29–0.79 | 0.55* | 0.32–0.94 |
| White | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Not employed | 0.62** | 0.44–0.88 | 0.88 | 0.61–1.26 | 0.87 | 0.48–1.57 | 1.35 | 0.71–2.55 |
| Not in the labor force | 0.63*** | 0.48–0.82 | 0.76 | 0.56–1.03 | 0.61 | 0.34–1.11 | 0.76 | 0.44–1.34 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/Cohabitating | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 1.16 | 0.82–1.64 | 1.03 | 0.74–1.44 | 1.84 | 0.98–3.45 | 1.28 | 0.66–2.47 |
| Never been married | 0.82 | 0.64–1.06 | 1.02 | 0.77–1.36 | 0.83 | 0.49–1.42 | 1.31 | 0.72–2.39 |
| Educational attainment | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 0.77 | 0.58–1.01 | 0.98 | 0.72–1.34 | 0.68 | 0.29–1.58 | 0.74 | 0.34–1.63 |
| High school | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Some college | 1.08 | 0.82–1.43 | 1.00 | 0.73–1.36 | 0.92 | 0.42–1.99 | 0.88 | 0.40–1.91 |
| College+ | 1.78*** | 1.34–2.36 | 1.45* | 1.04–2.02 | 1.39 | 0.66–2.91 | 1.12 | 0.49–2.56 |
| Smoking history | ||||||||
| Current | 1.51** | 1.16–1.97 | 1.23 | 0.90–1.67 | 2.74*** | 1.57–4.77 | 1.68 | 0.91–3.09 |
| Former | 1.75** | 1.20–2.55 | 1.39 | 0.96–2.01 | 2.07* | 1.13–3.78 | 1.37 | 0.73–2.57 |
| Never | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| History of oral contraceptive use | ||||||||
| Ever user | 1.76*** | 1.41–2.20 | 1.26 | 0.99–1.60 | 3.97*** | 2.27–6.94 | 2.79*** | 1.54–5.06 |
| Never user | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Lifetime history of any mood disorder | ||||||||
| Yes | 2.05*** | 1.59–2.65 | 1.64 | 1.24–2.15 | 5.26*** | 3.42–8.08 | 2.95*** | 1.80–4.83 |
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Past-month diagnosis of any mood disorder | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.60 | 0.97–2.63 | 0.92 | 0.51–1.65 | 3.51 | 1.85–6.65*** | 1.04 | 0.48–2.25 |
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 1.07 | 0.65–1.76 | 1.23 | 0.72–2.12 | 0.58 | 0.19–1.79 | 0.67 | 0.21–2.19 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| ≥25.0 | 0.84 | 0.68–1.03 | 0.87 | 0.70–1.09 | 1.14 | 0.62–2.08 | 1.08 | 0.60–1.97 |
| Age | 1.04** | 1.02–1.06 | 1.03* | 1.00–1.05 | 1.05*** | 1.02–1.09 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.08 |
| Income | 1.06*** | 1.03–1.10 | 1.02 | 0.98–1.06 | 1.07* | 1.01–1.13 | 1.04 | 0.98–1.10 |
| Social desirability | 0.90** | 0.83–0.97 | 0.98 | 0.91–1.06 | 0.81 | 0.69–0.96* | 0.88 | 0.73–1.07 |
95% CI 95% confidence interval
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
a
Modeled against the non-event: no premenstrual symptoms
b
OR=unadjusted odds ratio
c
AOR=adjusted odds ratio; model includes exposure status, race, employment status, marital status, educational attainment, smoking history, history of oral contraceptive use, lifetime history of any mood disorder, past month diagnosis of any mood disorder, body mass index, age, income, and social desirability