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. 2011 Aug 29;13(6):898–902. doi: 10.1038/aja.2011.116

Table 3. Depressive symptom scores for men in the lowest quartile of sex hormone levels versus those in other quartilesa.

    Depressive symptomsb
  n Unadjusted Adjusted c
    Mean β (95% CI) P Mean β (95% CI) P
Total testosterone (ng ml−1)              
 Lowest quartile 284 2.97 Ref.   3.06 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 863 2.78 −0.058 (−0.177, 0.062) 0.342 2.75 −0.083 (−0.208, 0.041) 0.189
SHBG (nmol l−1)a              
 Lowest quartile 286 2.76 Ref.   2.87 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 860 2.85 0.010 (−0.109, 0.129) 0.869 2.81 −0.026 (−0.152, 0.101) 0.692
Free Androgen Indexa              
 Lowest quartile 286 2.91 Ref.   2.87 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 860 2.80 −0.024 (−0.143, 0.095) 0.689 2.81 −0.007 (−0.129, 0.115) 0.907
DHEA (ng ml−1)              
 Lowest quartile 281 2.94 Ref.   2.92 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 866 2.79 −0.075 (−0.194, 0.045) 0.221 2.79 −0.061 (−0.181, 0.059) 0.320
DHEAS (mg ml−1)              
 Lowest quartile 286 2.89 Ref.   2.86 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 861 2.80 −0.044 (−0.163, 0.075) 0.466 2.81 −0.029 (−0.147, 0.090) 0.634
DHEA/DHEAS ratio              
 Lowest quartile 286 2.81 Ref.   2.79 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 861 2.83 −0.028 (−0.147, 0.091) 0.645 2.83 −0.018 (−0.136, 0.099) 0.758
Oestradiol (pg ml−1)              
 Lowest quartile 285 2.79 Ref.   2.83 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 862 2.84 0.031 (−0.088, 0.151) 0.605 2.82 0.010 (−0.108, 0.128) 0.869
Free testosterone (ng dl−1)a              
 Lowest quartile 284 3.00 Ref.   3.04 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 862 2.77 −0.038 (−0.158, 0.081) 0.530 2.76 −0.047 (−0.168, 0.075) 0.450
Free oestradiol (pg ml−1)a              
 Lowest quartile 269 2.73 Ref.   2.70 Ref.  
 Other quartiles 877 2.86 0.068 (−0.054, 0.189) 0.274 2.86 0.076 (−0.046, 0.197) 0.222

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MI, myocardial infarction; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; Ref., reference group.

a

Sample size for SHBG, free androgen index, free testosterone and free oestradiol is 1146 because of one missing data.

b

Analyses based on square root of GDS scores, but actual GDS scores are reported.

c

Adjusted for age, education, BMI, smoking, MI/angina/CHF, diabetes and previous diagnosis of prostate cancer.