Table 3. Depressive symptom scores for men in the lowest quartile of sex hormone levels versus those in other quartilesa.
Depressive symptomsb | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Unadjusted | Adjusted c | |||||
Mean | β (95% CI) | P | Mean | β (95% CI) | P | ||
Total testosterone (ng ml−1) | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 284 | 2.97 | Ref. | 3.06 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 863 | 2.78 | −0.058 (−0.177, 0.062) | 0.342 | 2.75 | −0.083 (−0.208, 0.041) | 0.189 |
SHBG (nmol l−1)a | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 286 | 2.76 | Ref. | 2.87 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 860 | 2.85 | 0.010 (−0.109, 0.129) | 0.869 | 2.81 | −0.026 (−0.152, 0.101) | 0.692 |
Free Androgen Indexa | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 286 | 2.91 | Ref. | 2.87 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 860 | 2.80 | −0.024 (−0.143, 0.095) | 0.689 | 2.81 | −0.007 (−0.129, 0.115) | 0.907 |
DHEA (ng ml−1) | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 281 | 2.94 | Ref. | 2.92 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 866 | 2.79 | −0.075 (−0.194, 0.045) | 0.221 | 2.79 | −0.061 (−0.181, 0.059) | 0.320 |
DHEAS (mg ml−1) | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 286 | 2.89 | Ref. | 2.86 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 861 | 2.80 | −0.044 (−0.163, 0.075) | 0.466 | 2.81 | −0.029 (−0.147, 0.090) | 0.634 |
DHEA/DHEAS ratio | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 286 | 2.81 | Ref. | 2.79 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 861 | 2.83 | −0.028 (−0.147, 0.091) | 0.645 | 2.83 | −0.018 (−0.136, 0.099) | 0.758 |
Oestradiol (pg ml−1) | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 285 | 2.79 | Ref. | 2.83 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 862 | 2.84 | 0.031 (−0.088, 0.151) | 0.605 | 2.82 | 0.010 (−0.108, 0.128) | 0.869 |
Free testosterone (ng dl−1)a | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 284 | 3.00 | Ref. | 3.04 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 862 | 2.77 | −0.038 (−0.158, 0.081) | 0.530 | 2.76 | −0.047 (−0.168, 0.075) | 0.450 |
Free oestradiol (pg ml−1)a | |||||||
Lowest quartile | 269 | 2.73 | Ref. | 2.70 | Ref. | ||
Other quartiles | 877 | 2.86 | 0.068 (−0.054, 0.189) | 0.274 | 2.86 | 0.076 (−0.046, 0.197) | 0.222 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MI, myocardial infarction; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; Ref., reference group.
Sample size for SHBG, free androgen index, free testosterone and free oestradiol is 1146 because of one missing data.
Analyses based on square root of GDS scores, but actual GDS scores are reported.
Adjusted for age, education, BMI, smoking, MI/angina/CHF, diabetes and previous diagnosis of prostate cancer.