Table 2. Comparison between baseline and end of study blood metabolites and markers of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning in non-diabetic participants stratified by change in erythrocyte DHA enrichment (⩾2% or <2%).
|
DHA ⩾2% (n=9) |
DHA <2% (n=7) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End | Baseline | End | |
| Fasting plasma concentrations | ||||
| Glucose (mmoll−1) | 5.6±0.2 | 5.9±0.3 | 5.6±0.2 | 5.5±0.2 |
| Insulin (mUl−1) | 35±6 | 33±8 | 40±11 | 21±3 |
| Total cholesterol (mmoll−1) | 4.5±0.3 | 4.7±0.4 | 5.1±0.6 | 4.6±0.3 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmoll−1) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmoll−1) | 2.6±0.2 | 3.0±0.3 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.5±0.4 |
| TG (mmoll−1) | 2.1±0.3 | 1.5 ±0.2a | 2.3±0.4 | 2.6±0.5 |
| VLDL-TG (μmoll−1) | 1348±212 | 635±88a | 1497±319 | 1641±429 |
| NEFA (μmoll−1) | 550±55 | 570±74 | 653±79 | 663±80 |
| 3OHB (μmoll−1) | 83±13 | 58±15 | 93±19 | 106±34 |
| Fasting contribution of hepatic DNL to VLDL-TG | ||||
| Hepatic DNL (%) | 14.8±3.6 | 15.8±2.2 | 11.1±1.9 | 16.1±2.4 |
| VLDL-TG derived from DNL (μmoll−1) | 61.0±14 | 31.0±6.0b | 51.2±14.5 | 84.1±30.5 |
| Time-averaged postprandial plasma concentrations | ||||
| Glucose (mmoll−1) | 6.2±0.4 | 6.5±0.4 | 6.1±0.4 | 6.1±0.2 |
| Insulin (mUl−1) | 94±15 | 88±19 | 107±33 | 67±11 |
| TG (mmoll−1) | 2.4±0.3 | 1.8±0.2c | 2.7±0.4 | 2.9±0.6 |
| NEFA (μmoll−1) | 373±47 | 368±50 | 389±55 | 382±42 |
| 3OHB (μmoll−1) | 68±10 | 46±8b | 76±17 | 69±18 |
| Chylomicron-TG (μmoll−1) | 180±49 | 149±37 | 268±121 | 350±158 |
| VLDL-TG (mmoll−1) | 1.5±0.2 | 0.8±0.1c | 1.9±0.3 | 1.7±0.4 |
| Time-averaged postprandial plasma and breath 13C concentrations | ||||
| [13C]Chylomicron-TG (μmoll−1) | 0.6±0.2 | 0.4±0.1 | 1.0±0.6 | 1.0±0.6 |
| [13C]NEFA (μmoll−1) | 0.22±0.09 | 0.20±0.08 | 0.16±0.05 | 0.07±0.02b |
| [13C]VLDL-TG (μmoll−1) | 0.6±0.1 | 0.3±0.1b | 0.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 |
| [13C]3OHB (μmoll−1) | 0.1±0.1 | 0.6±0.2b | 0.2±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 |
Abbreviations: 3OHB, 3-hydroxybutyrate; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DNL, de novo lipogenesis; End, end of study; FFM, fat-free mass; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
Data presented as mean±s.e.m. or median (25th, 75th percentiles).
a
P<0.01;
b
P<0.05; and
c
P<0.001 between baseline and end of study measurements within the respective groups.