Table 2. Weight and waist circumference change by diet group and insulin resistance status.
| Insulin Sensitive | Insulin Resistant** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Lower Fat Diet | Lower Carb Diet | Walnut-Rich Diet | Lower Fat Diet | Lower Carb Diet | Walnut-Rich Diet | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| n | 39 | 39 | 41 | 43 | 42 | 41 |
| Weight (kg) (Mean [SEM]) | 86.7 (1.6) | 87.4 (2.2) | 87.3 (1.7) | 92.3 (1.5) | 92.4 (1.7) | 92.8 (1.9) |
| Waist (cm) (Mean [SEM]) | 104 (2) | 104 (1) | 104 (1) | 108 (1) | 109 (1) | 109 (1) |
| 12 months | ||||||
| n | 37 | 37 | 35 | 39 | 32 | 34 |
| Weight change (kg) (Mean [SEM]) | -7.5 (1.3) | -4.3 (1.0) | -8.1 (1.2)* | -8.8 (1.5) | -7.0 (1.4) | -6.8 (1.4) |
| % Weight change | -8.7 (1.5) | -5.5 (1.1) | -9.2 (1.3) | -9.6 (1.5) | -7.6 (1.5) | -7.2 (1.4) |
| % Who lost ≥5% | 65 | 59 | 62 | 65 | 53 | 52 |
|
| ||||||
| Waist change (cm) (Mean [SEM]) | -9 (1) | -4 (1) | -6 (1) | -7 (1) | -8 (2) | -7 (2) |
*
Diet effect compared with lower carbohydrate diet, holding time and insulin resistance status constant, P < 0.05.
**
Insulin resistance status effect: Insulin resistant women were on average 5.4 kg heavier than insulin sensitive women, P = 0.03, and had waist circumference 2 cm larger, P = 0.01.