Table 4. Biomarkers stratified by insulin resistance status (mean [SEM]) for analytes that differed by insulin resistance status.
Biomarkers | All Insulin Sensitive at Baseline (n = 119) | Lower Fat Diet 12 Months (n = 33) | Lower Carb Diet 12 Months (n = 34) | Walnut-Rich Diet 12 Months (n = 35) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Insulin Sensitive Subjects | ||||
| ||||
Insulin (μIU/mL)a | 8.9 (0.2) | 9.5 (0.7) | 10.5 (1.1)* | 9.1 (0.6) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 101 (5) | 103 (8) | 99 (9) | 84 (5) |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)c | 63 (1) | 66 (3) | 65 (3)* | 71 (3)* |
CRP (μg/mL)d | 3.67 (0.36) | 2.85 (0.57)* | 2.92 (0.81) | 2.95 (0.69)* |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.30 (0.20) | 1.23 (0.21)* | 1.63 (0.35)*,** | 1.58 (0.35)* |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 63 (3) | 88 (7)* | 71 (7) | 80 (6)* |
| ||||
Insulin Resistant Subjects | ||||
| ||||
Insulin (μIU/mL)a | 19.8 (0.7) | 14.7 (1.3)* | 16.2 (1.4) | 19.3 (2.0) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 145 (6) | 129 (8) | 129 (10) | 122 (11)* |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)c | 55 (1) | 60 (3)* | 57 (3)* | 61 (2) |
CRP (μg/mL)d | 6.00 (0.54) | 5.00 (1.27)* | 2.85 (0.42)* | 2.92 (0.56)* |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.93 (0.17) | 1.73 (0.24)* | 2.00 (1.68)* | 1.50 (0.19)* |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 50 (3) | 59 (5)* | 54 (7) | 57 (7) |
Time effect within diet compared with baseline, P < 0.05.
One extreme outlier for IL-6 was excluded from the lower carbohydrate diet group data.
Multiply by 6.945 to obtain pmol/L.
Multiply by 0.0113 to obtain mmol/L.
Multiply by 0.0259 to obtain mmol/L.
Multiply by 9.524 to obtain nmol/L.