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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 7.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2016 Jul 25;65(11):1605–1613. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.008

Table 4. Biomarkers stratified by insulin resistance status (mean [SEM]) for analytes that differed by insulin resistance status.

Biomarkers All Insulin Sensitive at Baseline (n = 119) Lower Fat Diet 12 Months (n = 33) Lower Carb Diet 12 Months (n = 34) Walnut-Rich Diet 12 Months (n = 35)
Insulin Sensitive Subjects

Insulin (μIU/mL)a 8.9 (0.2) 9.5 (0.7) 10.5 (1.1)* 9.1 (0.6)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)b 101 (5) 103 (8) 99 (9) 84 (5)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)c 63 (1) 66 (3) 65 (3)* 71 (3)*
CRP (μg/mL)d 3.67 (0.36) 2.85 (0.57)* 2.92 (0.81) 2.95 (0.69)*
IL-6 (pg/mL) 2.30 (0.20) 1.23 (0.21)* 1.63 (0.35)*,** 1.58 (0.35)*
SHBG (nmol/L) 63 (3) 88 (7)* 71 (7) 80 (6)*

Insulin Resistant Subjects

Insulin (μIU/mL)a 19.8 (0.7) 14.7 (1.3)* 16.2 (1.4) 19.3 (2.0)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)b 145 (6) 129 (8) 129 (10) 122 (11)*
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)c 55 (1) 60 (3)* 57 (3)* 61 (2)
CRP (μg/mL)d 6.00 (0.54) 5.00 (1.27)* 2.85 (0.42)* 2.92 (0.56)*
IL-6 (pg/mL) 2.93 (0.17) 1.73 (0.24)* 2.00 (1.68)* 1.50 (0.19)*
SHBG (nmol/L) 50 (3) 59 (5)* 54 (7) 57 (7)
*

Time effect within diet compared with baseline, P < 0.05.

**

One extreme outlier for IL-6 was excluded from the lower carbohydrate diet group data.

a

Multiply by 6.945 to obtain pmol/L.

b

Multiply by 0.0113 to obtain mmol/L.

c

Multiply by 0.0259 to obtain mmol/L.

d

Multiply by 9.524 to obtain nmol/L.